Nutrition Archive

Some aspects of diet may diminish or heighten the effect of prescription drugs or cause harmful side effects.

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You take your pills on time each day and get your prescriptions refilled before they run out. But all that hard work to stick to your medication plan can be scuttled if your diet is undermining the drugs' effects. "I see a lot of people who don't believe in the importance of following dietary recommendations for medications. That's a concern," says Dr. Randall Zusman, a cardiologist and Harvard Medical School associate professor.

Dietary risks

The following foods, drinks, or ingredients can interfere with specific drugs.

Do a little research, follow a few rules, and make polite requests.

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Going out for dinner can be a nice way to unwind with family or friends. But if you're watching your salt intake, restaurants aren't always so relaxing. Much of their fare is loaded with sodium, a main component of salt. In fact, some entrees at popular chains contain far more than 2,300 milligrams (mg) of sodium — the recommended limit for an entire day's worth of food (see "Super-salty entree examples").

Limiting sodium is especially important for people with high blood pressure, because excess salt worsens this common condition, leaving you more prone to heart attack and stroke. If you eat out only once a month, you probably needn't worry too much. But Americans tend to eat out far more frequently — about five times a week, on average. So it's worth learning some strategies for staying within your salt budget when you eat away from home.

Research we're watching

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If you're craving a crunchy snack, a handful of cashews is a heart-healthy choice, a small study suggests.

Although they're a popular pick in nut mixes, cashews have a bit of a bad rap. Because cashews contain about 20% saturated fat, the FDA omitted them from the qualified health claim suggesting that nuts may lower heart disease risk when eaten as part of a diet low in saturated fats and cholesterol.

In the journals

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Omega-3 fish oil supplements can help prevent death from heart disease in patients who've had a heart attack, but a science advisory published March 28, 2017, in Circulation found there is no research to support their use to prevent heart disease in the general population.

Researchers reviewed all randomized clinical trials that evaluated the potential role for fish oil supplements to prevent cardiovascular disease, including two studies published before 2002 and 13 published since then. The studies assessed the clinical impact of fish oil treatment on cardiovascular outcomes, such as heart attacks, strokes, and atrial fibrillation (a heart rhythm disorder).

Mounting evidence suggests that eating nuts and seeds daily can lower your risk of diabetes and heart disease and may even lengthen your life.

If your idea of healthy eating was formed a few decades ago, it may be hard to shake the notion that you should avoid nuts, which are high in calories and fat. But new evidence has overturned that assumption. In fact, a recent analysis of the nation's eating habits and health outcomes suggests that eating too few nuts and seeds is associated with an increased risk of dying from cardiovascular disease or diabetes.

For that study, in the March 7, 2017, Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers from the Tufts Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy relied on a model that used data from scores of observational studies on diet and health, including the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, which provided detailed information on Americans' eating habits over the decade ending in 2012. They estimated that in 2012, over 300,000 deaths from heart disease, stroke, or type 2 diabetes — about 45% of all deaths from those conditions — were associated with eating either too much or too little of 10 nutrients.

Most people who are suffer from fecal incontinence do so in silence. As a result, the number of people with the condition — which results in the involuntary release of gas or stool — isn't known. But the scant evidence at hand indicates that it usually begins during one's 40s or 50s.

You don't have to live with incontinence — there are treatment options, which include dietary changes and bowel training regimens, and surgery for some people.

Bottled dressings are often rich sources of saturated fat, calories, sodium, and added sugar.

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You're eating more salad for good health. But you may be undoing the benefits when you use a store-bought salad dressing.

"I have some clients who say they'll only eat salad if they can use dressing. That can add a lot of calories, sodium, sugar, and saturated fat," says registered dietitian Kathy McManus, director of the Department of Nutrition at Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women's Hospital.

A breakfast containing lean protein, whole grains, and fruit may lower your risk of cardiovascular disease.

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Yes, you've heard it before — don't skip breakfast. Like many other popular sayings, this advice bears a kernel of scientific truth. But why is breakfast so important? "Quite simply, eating breakfast supports good health," says Kathy McManus, director of the Department of Nutrition at Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women's Hospital. Coming as it does after the day's longest period without food, breakfast seems to influence metabolism more strongly than lunch or dinner. Failing to break your fast with a meal shortly after rising might strain your body, which could in theory lead to insulin resistance, and perhaps even other heart risk factors like high blood pressure and cholesterol problems, though this is all controversial.

A healthy morning meal also appears to be helpful in maintaining a good body weight. It may be a coincidence, but the downward trend in breakfast consumption over the last 40 years has coincided with the surge in obesity rates over the same period. In contrast, breakfast eaters are about a third less likely to be overweight or obese, and tend to be more successful in maintaining weight loss after dieting. They also show greater restraint when it comes to impulse snacking and overeating at other meals.

Research we're watching

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How many daily servings of fruits and vegetables should you eat to keep your heart healthy? Five servings a day (about two-and-a-half cups) appears to slightly lower your risk of heart attack and stroke. But pump up your produce intake to 10 servings a day, and you may lower your risk of cardiovascular disease by 28% and your risk of premature death by 31%, according to a new review article.

The findings, published online Feb. 22, 2017, by the International Journal of Epidemiology, were gleaned from 95 studies from around the world looking at the effects of fruit and vegetable intake. The items that seemed to offer the greatest benefits included apples, pears, oranges and other citrus fruits, green leafy vegetables, cruciferous vegetables (such as broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower), and green and yellow vegetables (such as green beans, carrots, and peppers).